INVITATION

INVITATION

 Most spore invitation are in the farm of question they often begin with will,would,would you like to,would you care to,etc

 

 1) Offerins invitation

• Would you like to come to the restaurant this evening?
• Will you join us?
• Would you care to have dinner with us tonight?
• Could you come to a party at my place tomorrow?
• I wander whether you would care to come on a picnic with us next week?

Accepting invitation

• Yes,I’d love very much.
• Thank you.
• Yes,with pleasure.

Reffusing

• If you don’t mind,i’d rather not.
• Thank you,i’m busy,may be next time.
• I have got another appointment.
• I’m sorry.
• I’ve lost to work to do.

2) Invitation Verbal
Example:

• We want to invite you to come to our house
• Can you come to my restaurant?
• Are you free tonight?

Accepting

• I like that
• That sounds good
• Thank you for inviting

Refusing:

• I like that but I can’t
• I’m very sorry for not able to come
• Sorry, I’m very busy

 

 How to Write An Invitation :

1. Before you write an invitation, decide on the tone, voice and level of formality, based on the event itself. This will dictate whether you hand-write the cards or have them printed, and whether you choose A preprinted or personalized invitation.
2. Choose the type of invite you want, and order or buy a few more than you think you'll need. This will permit you to add some guests to your list at the last minute, if necessary. For small parties, you may want to hand-write the invitations on stationery or blank cards. For large gatherings, consider ordering printed invitations.
3. Determine the wording of your invite based on the level of formality. For example, a formal invitation might say, 'Dr. and Mrs. Stanley request the pleasure of your company,' whereas a more casual note might say, 'Please join us.'
4. Include the names of the host and/or hostess, as well as the place (with street address), time, date and purpose of the occasion, even if it's a simple get-together.
5. Make sure to add RSVP information at the bottom of the invite if you need to know who will be attending; for example, 'RSVP' followed by your telephone number.
6. Include a respond-by date on a formal invitation so you can get an accurate head count in time to adjust the amount of food, number of place settings and room size. For a wedding, charity function or other formal event, consider including a response card and a stamped, self-addressed envelope inside the envelope containing your invite.
7. Mail invitations three weeks before most events, four weeks before a formal affair and three months before a wedding, to allow for airline reservations. For events held during the December holidays, send invitations around Thanksgiving.

INTRODUCTORY IT

INTRODUCTORY IT

When the subject is an infinitive phrase, the sentence often begins with it.Instead of saying ‘To find fault with others is easy’, we say, ‘It is easy to find fault with others’. More examples are given below.

• It is easy to learn English. (More natural than ‘To learn English is easy’.)
• It was not easy to understand his motive.
• It may be advisable to consult a specialist.
• It could be dangerous to drive so fast.
• It was pleasant to sit on the beach.

However, when we want to emphasize the infinitive phrase, it may be put at the beginning especially if it is short.

• To err is human.
• To withdraw now will be sheer folly.

When the subject is a phrase that includes a gerund, it is used as a provisional subject to begin the sentence. Instead of saying ‘Your trying to deceive us is no good’, we may say ‘It is no good your trying to deceive us’.

• Will it be any good my talking to him about it?
• It is no use arguing with him.
• It won’t be much good complaining to the officer about it.

When the subject is a clause, the sentence usually begins with it. So instead of saying ‘That he was once a communist is true’, we say, ‘It is true that he was once a communist’.

• It does not matter whether he comes or not. (Whether he comes or not does not matter.)
• It is required that he should pay the fine. (That he should pay the fine is required.)
• It is clear that he overheard our conversation. (That he overheard our conversation is clear.)
• It is clear that you are not interested in this offer. (That you are not interested in the offer is clear.)
• It cannot be denied that they tried their best to help him. (That they tried their best to help him cannot be denied. )
• It doesn’t matter whether we buy it now or later. (Whether we buy it now or later does not matter. )

Introductory it is also used with seem, appear and look when the subject is an infinitive phrase, a phrase with a gerund in it or a clause.

• It looked doubtful whether she would come
• It seemed strange that she should behave like that.
• It seems possible that she may quit the job.
• It appeared unwise to offend him.
• It does not seem much good going on with the work.

Introductory it as an objectIt is sometimes used as the object of the verbs think, feel, deem, count, consider etc.

• Don’t you think it dangerous to drive so carelessly?
• I consider it a privilege to have this opportunity of welcoming you.
• I think it odd that she doesn’t write to me these days.
• I think it a pity that she could not win.
• We think it improper that he should be so dictatorial.
• He made it clear what he wanted.
• I find it difficult to talk to him.

Introductory it in questions
The introductory it is sometimes used in questions.

• Who was it that broke the window?
• It is Peter who broke the window.
• Why was it that he stole the bread?
• It was because he was poor that he stole the bread.
• When was it that the manager came?
• It was at 10 am that the manager came.

Note that the gerund can be changed into the infinitive.
Will it be any good for me to talk to him about it?

ASKING FOR INFORMATION

ASKING FOR INFORMATION

 

Asking Information There are a number of formulas used when asking for information in English. Here are some of the most common:

• · Could you tell me…?
• · Do you know…?
• · Do you happen to know…?
• · I’d like to know…
• · Could you find out…?
• · I’m interested in…
• · I’m looking for..

These two forms are used for asking for information on the telephone: 

• · I’m calling to find out…
• · I’m calling about…

Here are some sample phrases and sentences for asking information in English
1. What is this? This is a tableThis is a table
2. What is that? That is a chair.
3. What’s this? It’s a pen.
4. What’s that? It’s an apple.
5. What are these? These are pencils.
6. What are those? Those are books.
7. Where is Mr. King? He is over there.
8. Where is Ms. Knight? She’s (right) here.
9. Where’s Johnny? He’s in the house.
10. When’s the movie? It’s at 9:00.
11. When’s lunch? Lunch is at noon.
12. How is the food? It’s delicious.

Information about company

• What does your company do?
• What is your specialty?
• What do you specialize in?
• What is your main line of business?

Information about products

• Could you give me some (more) information on this?
• What can you tell me about this (product)?
• Tell me about this one/model.

Information about Price

• What are you asking for this?
• What does this sell for?
• How much is it?
• How much does it run?

 

GRATITUDE, COMPLIMENT, AND CONGRATULATION

GRATITUDE, COMPLIMENT, AND CONGRATULATION

 

 A. GRATITUDE
Gratitude ] is an expression that we show or say to express grateful feeling to other people. When speaking English, you say “thanks” very often. Please say “thank you” when people give you something, help you do something, wish you something and give you a compliment etc.

 

 Thanking someone

 

 

• Thanks.
• Thank you.
• Thanks a lot.
• Thank you very much.
• Thank you very much indeed.
• It was very kind of you.
• I appreciate your help.
• You’ve been very helpful.

Thanking someone who tires to help

• Thanks anyway.
• Thank you for (looking).
• Thanks for (trying).
• It doesn’t matter. Thanks.
• Never mind. Thanks.

Responding to thanks

• You’re welcome. (US)
• Not at all. (formal, UK)
• Don’t mention it.
• (It’s) my pleasure.
• It was nothing.
• That’s alright /OK.
• No problem.
• Any time.

  B.COMPLIMENT

 

Compliment ] is an expression that we show or say to express/give praise. Some people use compliments to “butter up” somebody or to flatter in order to increase good will.

Expressing :
o What a nice dress?
o You look great.
o You look very nice.
o I really must express my admiration for you.
o Good grades.
o Excellent.
o Nice work.

Time to expressing compliment :
o On his/her general appearance.
o If you notice something new about the person’s appearance.
o When you visit someone’s house for the first time.
o When other people do their best.

C. CONGRATULATION

 

 

Congratulation ] is an expression that we use to give the congratulation utterance when he/she succeeds in doing something.

Congratulating:

 

• Congratulations!
• Congratulations on your success!
• Happy birthday!
• Happy Lebaran Day/Happy led!
• Merry Christmas!
• Happy New Year!
• Happy Valentine!
• Happy anniversary!

 

Expressing

• Let me congratulate you.
• Congratulations on your successful business.
• My congratulations on your success.
• Congratulations on your promotion.
• Good!
• That’s great!
• How fortunate.
• Splendid. 
• Pretty good.

Responding

• Thank you
• Thanks, I needed that
• It’s very kind of you to say that
• Do you really think so ?

DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

The Definition and Purpose of Descriptive Text
Descriptive text is a text which say what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing.

The Generic Structure of Descriptive Text
Descriptive text has structure as below:
Identification; identifying the phenomenon to be described.
Description; describing the phenomenon in parts, qualities, or/and characteristics.

The Language Feature of Descriptive Text
Using attributive and identifying process.
Using adjective and classifiers in nominal group.
Using simple present tense

Significant Grammatical Features 

• Focus on specific Participant
• Use of attributes and identifying Processes
• Frequent use of Epithets and Classifiers in nominal groups
• Use of simple present tense 

Significant Lexicogrammatical Features

• Focus on Specific Participantas
• Use of Attributive and Identifying Processes.
• Frequent use of epithets Classifiers in nominal grups.
• Use of simple present tense

ASKING IF SOMEONE REMEMBERS OR NOT

ASKING IF SOMEONE REMEMBERS OR NOT

 

 

Definition :

Asking if someone remembers or not is a better way to remind spmeone avout something or maybe can be used to ensure about meoriws of someone.

Formal expressions:

• I wonder if you remember ….
• You remember ...., don’t you?
• You haven’t forgotten ...., have you?
• Don’t you remember ....?
• Do you happen to remember it now?

Ways to respond:

• Let me think, yes, I remember.
• I remember especially the scenery.
• I’ll never forget that.
• I’ll always remember.
• I can remember it clearly

Informal expressions

• Remember the old house we used to live in?
• Remember that?
• I’m sorry, I don’t remember.

Ways to respond

• Hold on. Yes, got it!
• I know ….
• It’s coming back to me now.

Response if you forget:

• Sorry, I’ve completely forgotten.
• I’m afraid I forget.
• I really can’t remember.
• I’m afraid I have no memory of him.
• Err, let me think. No, it’s gone.
• Sorry, it slipped off my mind.

DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

Direct speech : refers to reproducing another persons excact word. We use quotation marks (" ")

Example of Direct Speech :
1. Jani said, “I’m very busy .”
2. They said, “We have bought a picture.”
3. He said, “I am learning my lesson.”
4. Lisa says, “I got the first prize.”
5. You said, “I will come to help him.”
6. Oskar will say, “I will do my best.”


Indirect speech : refers to reproducing the idea of another persons
word.

There are 3 kinds of indirect speech :
1. Imperrative (command/request)
2. interrogative (question)
3. Declarative (statement)


Example :
1. Imperrative (command / request)
Direct : Mrs. Rika said to Dina, "Don't wory about it."
Indirect : Mrs. Rika told Dina not to wory about it.

2. Interrogative (question)
Direct : Risa asked to Nico, "Are you a journalist?"
Indirect : Risa asked if / whether He was journalist.

3. Declarative (statement)
Direct : Mr. Dion said, "I worked hard yesterday."
Indirect : Mr. Dion said that he worked hard the day before.


In comand sentences, direct speech can changed to indirect speech with change "Said" to be "Ordered", "Told", and "Forbade".
Example :
1. Direct : Hamid said, "Open the door!"
Indirect : Hamid ordered to open the door.

2. Direct : Hamid said, "Dul, come here!"
Indirect : Hamid told Dul to come there.

3. Direct : Hamid said to Andi, "Do not disturb me!"
Indirect : Hamid forbade Andi to disturb him.